Hematology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hematology - Essay Example In the blood system, Pluripotent haematopoetic cells become any type of cell. The type of a cell to become is determined by pluripotent cells that differentiate it in a wise way. 1 Proliferation is multiplication of blood cells in a human being. When an embryo is being developed, formation of blood takes place in the yolk sac in aggregate of blood cells. Blood formation takes place in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes and development goes to advance stages. Eventually, the task of blood formation is taken by bone marrows in the entire body system when they develop. However, proliferation of lymphoid cells usually occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen and thymus. In adult, haematopoiesis usually takes place in marrows of long bones like femurs and also in ribs and sternum where we have spongy bones. At times, spleen, liver and thymus recommence their haematopoietic function commonly known as extramedullary haematopoiesis. 2 Differentiation is a process whereby cells acquire a type in regard to haemopoiesis. During differentiation, cell morphology changes drastically although generic material still remain the same with some few exceptions. In many aspects of cell physiology, differentiation involves changes in regard to shape, metabolic activities, polarity, size, and responsiveness to signals whereas gene expression profil

Communication in media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Communication in media - Essay Example In addition to this, the growth in the Internet sphere has been phenomenal. The European Union along with United Kingdom has been one of the first few to recognize the rising problems in this sector and the need to control the media and its happenings. In addition to these technology changes, it is also found that there is a growing convergence of all the technologies. Every one of these services is available on any of the media that is needed by the user (European Commission, 1997). Controlling and monitoring the changes that are happening in the industry is becoming more important. This paper would review the nature of changes that have come about in the industry and the need to control and monitor them. It explains the effective ness of the control that is already in place in UK in the form of Ofcom and what are the major lacunas in the controlling mechanism. Though UK and the media all over the world has been talking of self-control, frequently media has overstepped its brief and has trespassed into the private domain. Ofcom was launched as a regulatory authority to ensure that adequate and appropriate control exists in the wireless sector as well as to ensure that the media does not trespass into private domain and sink the liberty of the individual in the name of media liberty. Regulation is required to also ensure that there is no chaos in the wireless world. With new medias like the telephones getting highly personal, the infringement of private domain is happening too frequently. This necessitates regulation. 3. History of Regulation in UK and Europe 3.1 Early Regulations on Media Media regulation in UK started in the form of a Press Complaints Commission, which was an independent body that was working on the various complaints and issues that came about the press reports, and accuracy of the information or the personal infringement it caused. By June 1990, government's Committee on Privacy issued a report that made clear submissions about the pseudo independence of the Press Complaints Committee and reported reservations on the way the press and the media worked (Laurence Raw, 1998). Government at that time issued a stern warning to the press to organize themselves if they did not want government to interfere in their working. By 1993, the second committee recommended an ombudsman for taking care of the press invasions into privacy and also a Press Commission that would monitor the press freedom as well as ensure that the limits are not surpassed. However, the government passed regulations as a part of the civil law to restrain press from 'spying, prying, watching and besetting' into the private affairs of an individual citizen. The other regulations on the broadcasting media were the Broadcasting Acts of 1990 and 1996. 3.2 Regulation of Television in UK and Europe 1990s also saw massive changes sweeping the European Union as well. Television without Frontiers (TWF) and Open Network Provision (ONP) form the core of the early regulation regime in Europe. When the regulation was introduced, it invoked negative reaction from the industry, which foresaw the reentry of controls in the industry as the form of regulatory mechanisms. The 1989 'TWF' regulation paved way for viewing television as a service and one that could transcend the national borders across the

Impact of the Stressors of Undercover Operations

Impact of the Stressors of Undercover Operations The present paper has three purposes: (a) to discuss undercover operatives and the stressors inherent to undercover operations based on literature review, (b) to outline the proposed research project, (c) and to examine the expecting findings, conclusions, limitations and relevance for policy and practice of the proposed research project. Keywords: undercover officer, police, stress, personality test It is almost impossible to turn on the news or to watch prime time television without a reference to a takedown or a main character on a sitcom who is an undercover operative. Society is fascinated and romanticizes undercover operatives. These operatives are often portrayed in high risk situations which they usually take on and survive triumphantly. Nevertheless, what most of these news headlines and sitcoms miss is the very complex and difficult work that make up most successful undercover operations. In fact, the public rarely if ever hears or reads about the impact that undercover operations have on the operatives and their personal lives. With the increase in the numbers of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents working undercover, in 1979 the FBI administration became concerned with the detrimental aspects of the personal commitment required for undercover operations. In 1980 a study was conducted to determine the nature and extent of the stressors being experience by undercover operatives in order to devise methods of reducing their negative effects. The current study will replicate the analysis conducted in 1980. In addition, the present study will further examine the stressors inherent to undercover operations and will focus on undercover operatives negative emotions, reactive behaviors and coping strategies. Problem Statement Undercover operations impact not only the undercover operatives professional life but their personal life as well. There is very little research that addresses this impact or the strengths and limitations of undercover work. The empirical research on police stress in general and undercover stress specifically is limited by quantity, how current and relevant the results are, and the methods employed. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the stressors inherent to undercover operations and determining an undercover agents coping strategies (personality, psychological and social) when dealing with these stressors. Relevance of the Problem As the numbers of FBI agent and task force officers conducting undercover work continue to increase, so do the numbers of psychological assessments being conducted by the FBI Undercover Safeguard Unit (USU). Currently, many of these undercover operations include the infiltration of terrorist and extremist groups. These types of operations have successfully prevented planned terrorist operations in Portland, WA and Baltimore, MD. Nevertheless, the literature has little to offer on the stress brought on by issues such as dual betrayal which is inherent in these types of operations, and represents one of a number singular stressors involved in undercover operations. It is important to examine dual betrayal and other stressors inherent to undercover work in order to determine the risk factors as well as the protective factors that can contribute to the psychological well being of an undercover operative. Implications for policy and/or practice Based on the results of this study recommendations can be made on selection, supervision and administrative procedures designed. These recommendations will seek to minimize the extraneous forms of stress which may negatively impact an undercover operative. In addition, the outcome of this study should help to sensitize the undercover operative and their supervisors to the most destructive forms of stress and to identify the warning signs which indicate that these forms of stress have reached a dangerous level. Lastly, the result of this study can be used to develop new and innovative investigative approaches and techniques in psychological assessments and counseling that would address the undercover employees psychological well-being and operational readiness to engage and/or continue to function in covert or day to day investigations. Literature Review Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are faced with very unique and stressful situations. These situations may include face to face encounters with violent offenders as well as crime scenes with diseased and injured offenders and victims. Many times these law enforcement officers are rejected by the same community they have taken an oath to protect. There are communities which lack respect an admiration for an institution they deem as cruel and corrupt. Therefore, law enforcement officers must effectively mediated and counteract the inherent job related stressors as well as those stressors which are unique to their identity as police officers (Noblet, Rodwell, Allisey, 2009; Adams Buck, 2010; Shane, 2010; McCarty, Zhao Garland, 2007). Many LEOs are unable to successfully incorporate adaptive strategies for mediating occupational stressors. Unfortunately, some of these LEOs succumb to traditionally maladaptive coping mechanisms. This in turn negatively impacts their personal and professional lives which results in more stress and unfavorable outcomes. There are particular segments of the law enforcement community that are exposed to greater number of systemic stressors than others. These LEOs often have workloads that significantly impact their opportunity and ability to utilize coping strategies and to minimize the effects of experienced stressors (Waters Ussery, 2007; Gersho, Barocas, Caonto, Li Vlahov, 2009). Undercover operations attract LEOs who are highly conscientious and have performed well and reliably under stressful and demanding circumstances. Undercover operations are sought out by agents/taskforce officers and their supervisors alike. These types of assignments are often viewed as a stepping stones to professional advancement and personal achievement. There are LEOs who excel in undercover assignments; these officers successfully adapt potentially harmful distress changing it into beneficial stress (eustress). Nevertheless, a review of the literature indicates that LEOs who have healthy coping mechanism are the exception and not the rule. Undercover operations impact the LEO as well as those who surround them. Long-term undercover operations in particular required excessive amounts of time and dedication that are at times inconsistent with the perception and ideologies of many experienced officers (Cuttler Muchinsky, 2006; Cochrane, Tett, Vandecreek, 2003). Long-term operations require the development of a unique relationship with the target. Additionally there is a different relationship between these undercover operatives and their supervisors which at times can intensify an undercovers feelings of isolation and abandonment. These undercover LEOs role playing requirements can be confusing and distressing which in turn negatively impacts their social relationships. Many times the unspecified but understood requirements of undercover operations can end in the downward spiral of a brilliant career, resulting in dysfunctional relationships, personal hardship, a loss of self-esteem and self-respect, and mental and physical damage (Noblet, Rodwell, Allisey, 2009). Several factors can contribute to this downward spiral. Lack of adequate training, lack of effective supervision, unrealistic work demands and an under covers constant need to succeed in an operation are some of the factors that have been observed. Unfortunately, undercover operatives who do not succeed in their respective operations as perceived by the undercover or their supervisors succumb to feelings of shame and embarrassment, become withdrawn, irritable, at times lashing out against the target due to fear, frustration or displaced anger. Undercover operations would seem to heighten the emotional stressors already present in the law enforcement community. Nevertheless, those undercover operatives who acknowledged the negative effects of stressors and reach out for assistance are likely to be ridiculed and ostracized by their colleagues and supervisors. These officers are at times labeled as weak, untrustworthy and/or damaged goods (Cuttler Muchinsky, 2006). In order to understand the impact of stress on law enforcement operatives, it is important to examine stress from an individuals perspective. This examination should include the detrimental and beneficial impact of undercover operations on the professional, personal and social environment of an operative. Most individuals seek to minimize stressors and maximize the rewards (psychological at times) in order to carry on their everyday lives. The sense of purpose from successfully performing an assignment at work and at home can be one such reward. An individuals occupation can provide a source of pride, accomplishment and personal achievement. Nevertheless, this same occupation can be embedded in a stressful environment that fosters frustration causing mental and physical harm. LEOs are constantly exposed to dangerous situations, emotional distress by others, threats to personal safety and life altering split second decisions. This may be compounded by the lack of respect from the public, frustration with the criminal justice system and accumulated experiences of critical incidents. This leaves the LEO susceptible to chronic stress. This is considered a unique trait of the law enforcement profession (Swenson Plebanski, 2009). Additionally, an undercover operatives self expectations and demands from the law enforcement subculture can add to the experiential stressors and behavioral responses. Unique coping strategies in dealing with these stressors have been observed within the law enforcement community. The literature has examined the maladaptive coping strategies that are utilized and the impact that these strategies may have on undercover operatives personal, professional and social lives. These maladaptive coping strategies include but are not limited to; emotional detachment cynicism, alcohol abuse, sexual promiscuity, and high risk behavior (McCarty, Zhao, Garland, 2007; Shane, 2010) . The impact that these maladaptive coping strategies may have on the undercover operatives life has not been succinctly analyzed or discussed in the literature. The empirical research indicates that work assignment can be related to levels of experienced stress within the law enforcement community and can contribute to the subsequent use and acceptance of alcohol as an attempt to mediate levels of stress. Coping strategies that are utilized to address the issue of work related stress are serious concerns for all LEOs; however, some assignments within the law enforcement community may be seen as more stressful than others and may be more pertinent for examination of both work related stress and coping strategies (Gershon, Barocas, Canton, Li, Vlahov, 2009). Undercover assignments, for instance, have been identified as one of the most stressful duties within the law enforcement community. Consequently, further examining the impact of undercover assignments on LEOs can provide a valuable contribution to the literature on police stress (Krause, 2008; Varela, Boccaccini, Scogin, Stump, Caputo, 2004). The psychological problems that can be encountered by a LEO in undercover operation include but are not limited to paranoia, isolation, nervous tension, depression, fear, and anger. Furthermore, more serious personality disorders appear common among officers, both during and after the completion of undercover operations. These disorders also may involve depression, anger-hostility, differing phobias, paranoia, psychotic ideation, and interpersonal insensitivity (Adams Buck, 2010; Carlan Nored, 2008). Overall, the level of suspicion that many officers encounter, and cannot effectively deal with, may cause problems in all areas of their professional and personal lives. In addition to the inherent stressors of undercover work, officers also can experience levels of alienation from society, as well as from their colleagues. The anger and resentment experienced by undercover officers may lead to a self alienation, which exacerbates previous feelings and contributes to the stressors being experienced by the LEO (Carlan Nored, 2008). Finally, undercover assignments can place additional, and sometimes overwhelming, pressure on the personal lives of those involved in such operations. Partners of those assigned to undercover operations are subjected to odd working hours and unpredictable schedules. They are faced with days and even weeks of the officer partner being away from home, and they may experience continual concern for the safety of the LEO. Additionally, operatives engaged in undercover operations are often involved in a role that requires late night partying, the consumption of alcohol, and interactions with members of the opposite sex with whom the officer is attempting to gain trust and confidence. In this setting, the officer may undergo changes in personality and lifestyle as a result of the role, which becomes apparent to the significant other. These stressors represent only a number of the issues that most undercover operatives must effectively deal with day in and day out. Research Strategy Undercover law enforcement officers are dealing with a number of stressors such as divorce, psychological disorders and suicide. In some cases undercover law enforcement officers, given these and other stressors, have been involved in criminal behavior, corruption, and espionage. It is important to determine the nature and extent of the stressors inherent with undercover work and to devise methods of reducing their effects. The purpose of this study is to: Identify those stressors inherent to undercover assignments within federal and local LEOs and to determine the relationship between specific personality, psychological and interpersonal relations orientation styles and the ability to cope with stressors prevalent in undercover operations. The questions being examined are: Is there a significant correlation between personality styles (independent variable) and an undercover law enforcement officers ability to cope with stressors prevalent in undercover assignment (dependent variable)? Is there a significant correlation between psychological characteristics (independent variable) and an undercover law enforcement officers ability to cope with stressors prevalent in undercover assignment (dependent variable)? Is there a significant correlation between interpersonal relations orientation (independent variable) and an undercover law enforcement officers ability to cope with stressors prevalent in undercover assignment (dependent variable)? The research questions will be addressed through the use of validated and reliable psychometric tests. A quantitative research design consisting of psychometric test administered to LEOs assigned and formerly assigned to undercover operations, as well as those who never have been so assigned, will be utilized. Recognizing the impact of undercover assignments on the individual officers involved can assist in addressing the bigger issue of the impact on the law enforcement community. This research has implications for law enforcement agencies concerned with the emotional and professional welfare of officers assigned to undercover duties, and it provides some understanding of the effects of such operations on officers at the individual, social, and professional levels. Furthermore, the results of this study can provide valuable insight into the human toll of undercover operations and allows for the examination of this issue from a holistic and concerned perspective. Data Independent Variable The independent variables will an under covers personality style as measured by the 16PF or 16 Personality Factors test. An under covers psychological characteristics as determined by the MMPI-II, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Lastly an under covers interpersonal relations orientation will be analyzed with the FIRO-B, the fundamental interpersonal relations orientation assessment. Dependant Variable Ideally, measuring the stressors inherent to undercover operations and the coping strategies used by undercover operatives would address the research questions. Thus, the dependant variables measured will be the inherent stressors of undercover operations and coping strategies used. Sample The sample of participants will be a representative stratified sample. The focus will be on undercover law enforcement officers. Ideally, there will be a total of approximately 100 participants in the control and three experimental groups in order to conduct an adequate statistical analysis. This would be a total of 400 participants. Methods Approximately 400 undercover law enforcement officers will be separated into four categories: No experience (control group)- No actual experience as an operative although may possess considerable experience in undercover operations as a contact of back up. Occasional experience (experimental group)- Occasional assignment as an undercover operative for short periods of time (2 days or less). Frequent experience (experimental group)- Frequent assignment as undercover operative but not extended or continuous undercover role requirements (30 days or less). Long term experience (experimental group)- Long term or deep cover experience with extended or continuous role requirements (in excess of 30 days). Execution Procedure: The undercover law enforcement officers will be administered the following test during regularly scheduled safeguard assessments: 16 PF: 16 personality factors a personality assessment (APPENDIX I.) MMPI-II: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is test is used to assist in identifying personality structure and psychopathology (or SCL-90R, Millan Instrument MCMI-3) (APPENDIX II.) FIRO-B: Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO) is an assessment for interpersonal relations (APPENDIX III.) The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale: The Holmes and Rahe stress scale is a list of 43 stressful life events that can contribute to illness. (APPENDIX IV.) The Coping Strategies Inventory: is an assessment designed by Rory C. Reid, MSW, Provo Counseling Center. (APPENDIX V.) Anticipated Data Analysis Plan The researchers plans on using Structural Equation Modeling in order to test and estimate causal relations (between personality traits, psychological characteristics, interpersonal relations orientation and an UCs ability to cope with stressors) using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. Expected Findings and Conclusions I expect to identify the stressors inherent to undercover operations. In addition, to determining the specific personality, psychological and interpersonal relations orientation needed to effectively cope with the stressor inherent to undercover work. Expected Relevance for Policy and Practice Research focused on police stress and undercover operations has provided important, but limited insight into the impact of undercover operations on the professional, personal, and social lives of the operatives. There is a lack of empirical research addressing the positive values of undercover assignments from the individual perspective. Therefore, further research is required to identify the impact that undercover assignments have on the lives of those who function in this capacity. Such an understanding is required for efforts to prevent the psychological and physiological damage that can result from continual and high impact stressors faced in undercover operations, and reduce the maladaptive coping methods utilized to counterbalance such stressors. Limitations of the Research The results of this study can only be generalized to the undercover law enforcement population. The researcher also understands that sample size will also determine the genralizability, validity and reliability of this study results to the undercover community. In addition, the operational definitions for four categories of undercover officer, coping strategies and inherent stressors to undercover operations can create bias and may affect the end results of the study. Relevant IRB Issues The IRB will be concerned with determining and assuring that the information obtained on the undercover operatives is recorded in such a manner that the operatives cant be readily identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the operatives; and any disclosure of the operatives responses outside the research could reasonably place the operative at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the operatives financial standing, employability, or reputation. Given the fact that the study will use historical data currently stored at the Undercover Safeguard Unit (USU), the IRB will further be concerned with making sure that the collection or study of existing data, documents, and records is recorded by the investigator in such a manner again that operatives cannot be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the operatives. Lastly the IRB will ensure that the approvals of academic and professional department or agency heads are obtained.

Computers :: essays research papers

When you mention the word "technology," most people think about computers. Virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component. The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. Even our cars have a computer. But the computer that everyone thinks of first is typically the personal computer, or PC. A PC is a general purpose tool built around a microprocessor. It has lots of different parts -- memory, a hard disk, a modem, etc. -- that work together. "General purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can use it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Web and play games. In this article, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different parts that go into them. You will learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operating session. You'll also find out what the future may hold for these machines. Let's take a look at the main components of a typical desktop computer. * Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of the computer system is called the central processing unit. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU. * Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor. There are several specific types of memory in a computer: o Random-access memory (RAM) - Used to temporarily store information that the computer is currently working with o Read-only memory (ROM) - A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that does not change o Basic input/output system (BIOS) - A type of ROM that is used by the computer to establish basic communication when the computer is first turned on o Caching - The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU o Virtual memory - Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed # otherboard - This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal components connect to. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.

Komeo and Ouliet act 1 scene 5 evaluation Essay

Act 1 scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet takes place in the house of lord and lady Capulet during the preparations for the Juliet’s engagement party and during the party its self. It is where Romeo and Juliet first meet before they realise who each other are and after they find out about each other. It is the basis of the whole play it is where Romeo and Juliet meet and fall in love with each other, it is where tybalt develops a grudge for Romeo â€Å"I will withdraw: but this intrusion shall now seeming sweet convent to bitter gall† this quote shows that he will not take any action for now but will do something later on. Shakespeare uses this party as a backdrop to what is arguably one of the most important scenes in the play because there it creates a atmosphere of tension and love, all the major events that happen later in the play can be traced back to this moment from Romeos banishment to Juliet drinking the poison to both of there deaths. This scene begins with the servants running around in a panic trying to get ready for the up coming party they are also in a panic because they cannot find potpan who is another servant â€Å"where’s potpan that he helps not to take away† this quote shows that they are very frustrated with the preparations for the party this is further reinforced by there constant use of short sentences and blunt orders e. g. â€Å"Away with the joint stools, remove the court cupboard†. Parties were traditionally used as settings for important events in many dramas at the time Shakespeare was writing Romeo and Juliet and as such the audience would be anticipating an exciting or important event so the scene would be set for the star-crossed lovers to meet. As Lord Capulet and Juliet enters the room Shakespeare changes the focus from the servants to Lord Capulet welcoming his guests it is at this point that the audience is beginning that something pivotal is about to happen. He is in a very jovial mood wanting people to dance with him â€Å"Ladies that have their toes unplagued with corns will have a bout about you, which of you will now deny a dance†. The audience is now expecting something important to happen because there are many actors on a very busy stage all dressed in extravagant costumes. After Capulet is done welcoming his guests the viewpoint switches to Romeo as he starts talking to one of the serving men asking about Juliet, This is a point of immense dramatic irony as Romeo begins to fall in love with Juliet before he even knows who she is and that she is the daughter of his family’s greatest enemy and the audience begins to get an ominous feeling as they know that this love can only end in tragedy, In his soliloquy Romeo uses many forms of imagery to describe Juliet such as â€Å"snowy dove trooping with crows† the snowy dove indicates beauty and grace where as the crows mean ugliness so the quote implies that Juliet is the one drop of beauty in a cloud of ugliness and also â€Å"she doth teach the torches to burn bright† it shows that compared to everything else she shines out like a star against the blackness of space And â€Å"And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand† means that until he touched her hand he was dirty and ugly but since he touched her hand he has felt blessed and clean. The above quotes show that his love for Juliet is true love and will never be extinguished and not just a passing lust as was his love for Rosaline, which was more of a circumstancuial lust. When Tybalt hears Romeos voice he is immediately angered to the point in which he wants to kill him â€Å"This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Fetch me my rapier, boy† and â€Å"to strike him dead I hold it not a sin† it means that he finds it ok and not sinful to kill Romeo because he is doing in for his family’s honour and so it would be ok in the eyes of god. The audience will now start to get worried about Romeos safety and would be concerned about for the future of him and Juliet But as Lord Capulet hears him storming about Romeo he ask what is a matter â€Å"why how now kinsman wherefore storm you so? † Tybalt then tells him that Romeo is at the party â€Å"uncle this is a Montague, our foe a villain that is hither come in spite to scorn at our solemnity this night† but then Capulet tell him that he doesn’t want his party ruined by violence and to let him stay â€Å"let him alone he bares him a portly gentleman† and â€Å"he shall be endured what, Goodman boy! I say, he shall: go to, am I the master here or you? † this last quote is more of a threat not to ruin the party and to leave him be than an order to leave him alone. When he accepts his uncle’s wishes he says â€Å"I will withdraw but this intrusion shall now seeming sweet convent to bitter gall† this implies that he will let Romeo go for now but sooner or later there conflict will have to come to violence. It is now that Shakespeare switches again to the viewpoint of Romeo as he starts talking to Juliet it is at this point that the audience know that they are both about to fall in love but as Juliet talk they do not yet know that they are both from enemy family’s and that there love will never be allowed, but as Romeo proclaims his love for Juliet â€Å"if I profane with my unworthiness hand this holy shrine, the gentle fine is my lips, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss† it is from this point on that the audience know that the two are destined to be lovers but that they are both doomed to death. It is at this point that the nurse comes and takes Juliet away telling her that her mother needs a word with her â€Å"madam, your mother craves a word with you it is here that the nurse informs Juliet that Romeo is a Montague â€Å"his name is Romeo, and a Montague the only son of your great enemy† the audience may now begin to understand the future complications that may arise as there true identities are brought into the light such as the problem of the nurse having to go with Juliet to all her meetings thus making it impossible to do anything in secret. The party comes to an end as all the guests begin to leave Lord Capulet is disappointed that the guests are leaving â€Å"Nay gentlemen, prepare not to be gone we have a trifling foolish banquet towards† but he is still in good sprits after the party even after his argument with Tybalt â€Å"I thank you honest gentlemen; goodnight, more torches here come on lets to bed† it is here that all the other characters exit the stage leaving only Juliet and the nurse onstage with the audience expecting the climax of the scene when Juliet discovers who Romeo really is Shakespeare. Makes use of dramatic irony very well in this scene leaving it until the very end of the scene to divulge the information to Juliet as she finds out of his true identity â€Å"his name is Romeo he is a Montague the only son of your great enemy† she uses several oxymoron’s to get her shock and heart ache across to the audience â€Å"my only love sprung from my true hate† if she truly hated him how could she ever love him? â€Å"To early seen unknown and known too late† meaning if she had know who he was from the start she may never of fallen in love with him but now she has fallen in love it doesn’t matter who he is, this dramatic end shows that she loves him so much and that he loves her that they will do anything to be together even if it means upsetting there families or leading to her eventual death as it eventually does. This scene is central to the rest of the play because without this scene they would never of met and every major event in the play depends on them meeting such as when he climbs under her balcony and stating the immortal words. â€Å"Romeo, Romeo, where fort art thou Romeo† to the wedding through to Romeos exile and to both of there eventual deaths. In my opinion this scene makes very good use of dramatic irony using in perpetuity throughout the scene.

Installing 70/30 Copper-Nickel Pipe

Installing 70/30 copper nickel (cuni) pipe sometimes can be a test of human patients, mechanical knowledge, and dexterity. It is, however, well worth the effort, because once you complete the job whether you’re a novice or connoisseur of the art you gain a sense of pride for a job well done. Additionally, you will have confidence in knowing that your pipe will stand the test of time and vigorous challenges they’re used for. The only problem that comes with working with 70/30 cuni pipe is, having a concrete way to approach even the minutest step(s) when installing, cleaning, and inspecting your pipe.Initially, you should have gathered your tools that will you need for this job. Assuming that you have the proper tools for the job we will begin by taking the copper nickel pipe a prepping it for installation. To prep copper-nickel pipe you want to start by gathering your pipe and you’re fittings, so you can obtain the measurements for the length off your pipe, square it off, and then touch it up. By doing this it eliminates dirt and debris, and allows for cohesiveness between the mechanical joints when you’re mating them together.Too do this you’re going to measure out the proper length of your pipe by taking your ruler (which should be measured in inches) and mark on your pipe how much you’re going to need. Once you have done that you’re going to cut the pipe at its designated mark. At the same time, be careful not to cut too much off, because if you do then you will have to either buy more pipe or go through another process of adding the pipe back. You can cut copper pipe with a regular hacksaw or a copper tube cutter.Although both will make a satisfactory cut, the tube cutter ensures a square cut every time. Use a jig or miter box when you're cutting copper pipe with a hacksaw. This helps to ensure a square cut in the pipe. After making the cut, remove the burrs inside the pipe with a half-round file. A pipe cutte r usually leaves more burrs in the pipe than a hacksaw. When cutting pipe for a specific run, be sure to make allowances for the distance of pipe that fits into the fittings. Also, remember to add the extra length the fittings will give the entire run of pipe.Figure about 1/2†³ for each fitting. In addition to doing this your also simultaneously doing something else called chamfering (chamfering is the process of filing the tip of the inside of the pipe so that the flux and stick to the pipe). Now that your pipe is squared off your going to take a strip of emery cloth and clean the outside of the pipe a half-inch away from the tip of your pipe (doing this allows for proper flow of the soldering ring between the fitting and pipe) until you have a bright gold shade of pipe, which is the natural color of copper-nickel pipe.Now that your pipe is ready for mating, you know have to prep your fitting for mating as well. To do this you’re going to take another piece of emery clo th a clean the inside of your fitting up to a half-inch in diameter on both sides of the fittings. Once you’re done with that procedure use a different strip of emery cloth to clean your brazing rings, and then place them in the slots inside your fittings. Once you have prepped your pipe and fittings you’re ready to mate the pipe and fitting together. Apply a light coat of soldering paste or flux to the cleaned end of the copper pipe.Use a flux brush, an old toothbrush or a wooden paddle for spreading the flux. Flux or soldering paste ensures a firm bond between the copper and the solder. Also apply flux to the inside of the cleaned fittings. The flux or soldering paste will keep the copper from oxidizing when heated. Place the copper fitting on the pipe only after it is thoroughly cleaned and coated with soldering paste). When the fitting is firmly in place, rotate both the pipe and the fitting several times to spread the flux evenly. A propane torch is an ideal tool for mating copper pipe.If you look at the flame of a propane torch you will notice there is a lighter blue, well-defined flame in the middle of a darker blue flame. The tip of this light blue flame is the hottest part of the flame. Play (move) the flame along the fittings and the pipe to bring them up to soldering heat. Then concentrate the heat in the middle of the fitting. The light blue flame should be just touching the fitting. You can do both ends of the fitting at the same time by heating in the middle like this. Do not apply the heat directly to the solder or the area that has been fluxed.Do not overheat the copper pipe. If you look at the flame on the side of the pipe away from the torch, you may notice a green flame develop. This means the fitting is ready to solder. Another way to tell is to touch the solder to the hot pipe. If the solder melts and begins to run, the pipe is at soldering temperature. Remove the flame from the pipe and apply the solder to the pipe where it joins the fitting. The solder will flow into the fit. Keep melting the solder until it appears completely around the fitting.The old saying, â€Å"If a little is good, then a lot is better,† does not apply here. Excess solder can run down inside the pipe, causing a restriction or even a blockage. You can experiment with different tips on your propane torch until you find the one that spreads the heat evenly along the pipe you are using. After you have successfully measured, square-off, and used a propane torch to mate your pipe and fittings you’re ready to clean your pipe. Cleaning your pipe throughout this procedure is a nonstop evolution.After mating your pipe together cleaning it is extremely important, it’s the first step in recognizing any malfunctions. You should be able to notice the thin black film that’s coated around the pipe and the fitting. This black coat of film comes from the rise in temperature of the pipe after you have heated it properly . To clean your pipe now you are going to have to have a bucket of water and a wire brush. Take your wire brush and dip it in the water and start cleaning the pipe and fitting(s) where you brazed at. You should continue to do this until both the pipe and fitting(s) becomes bright gold.In the meantime, while you’re cleaning your pipe you should have adequate lighting available, so you’re able to spot check for insufficient mating around the radius of your pipe and fittings. If you have thoroughly cleaned your pipe and notice small holes around your pipe then you need to go back a re-heat your pipe and apply more solder using a soldering stick. Once you have reached the point where you have no pen holes between your pipe and fittings, then you have completed the installation and cleaning of your 70/30 cuni pipe job.You are now ready to perform a system and inspection check of your project. Now that you have successfully installed and cleaned your pipe it’s now tim e to inspect your pipe for mechanically cohesiveness and system performance. This process is very important, because your craft is successful only if it can pass inspection. It requires a great deal of attention to detail when inspecting the pipe and fittings, so that you’re careful to not miss any pen holes. To this inspection, you have to do is submerge the part of the pipe that you brazed in clean and clear water.After doing this, if you notice water pockets form in the water remove the pipe and clean it with a rag and try it again. When you have tried it again and you notice water pocket again then that means you have tiny pen hole between your fittings and pipe. To fix this problem you will have to locate where the water pockets are forming at and solder that part. Once you have done that submerge your pipe and check for water pockets. After you have successfully corrected the pen holes you can now begin to clean up your job and apply the finishing touches to your pipe.I n conclusion, installing pipe can be difficult if you don’t have a proper foundation of rules to follow. Having an easy to understand guide line for performing such a job can be cost effective, uncomplicated, and less time consuming. Learning how to install, clean, and inspect 70/30 copper-nickel pipe can prepare you for the rigorous challenges that comes with working with pipes and fittings of different sizes and materials. Whether you’re an apprentice or authority of the art of pipe fitting, this guide line for installation, cleaning, and inspect 70/30 cuni will be of great assistance to you.

Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Research Paper Example

Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Research Paper Example Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Paper Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Paper Introduction In this paper I intend to supply a sound fiscal analysis of Tesla Motors Incorporated. I will make so by ciphering and supplying liquidness. profitableness. and solvency ratios and so measuring those consequences. Assessment of these ratios will more or less define Tesla Motors’ abilities to run into its short-run debts and duties ( liquidness ) . public presentation in relation to gross revenues. assets. and net incomes or losingss ( profitableness ) . and the resulting income sum. after revenue enhancement tax write-offs. against the company’s liabilities ( solvency ) . Additionally I will compare Tesla Motors’ fiscal place against that of General Motors Company to break depict how the company is executing within its industry. The Earth is in danger of quickly overheating. Global heating is the widely accepted theory that states that the complete production of air pollutants such as C dioxide will do the Earth’s mean temperature to lift yearly until it reaches an irreversible threshold which will do the planet to heat up so much it will go uninhabitable. Cars have been a major subscriber to air pollution over the old ages. Gasoline fueled engines have churned out impossible sums of gasses into the atmosphere adding to the job. Until late there have been no feasible alternate vehicles to gasoline fueled autos. Even intercrossed autos haven’t to the full taken away the dependence for gasolene. Fully electric autos can cut down our dependence on fossil fuels. cut down nursery gas emanations. and hopefully change by reversal the harm done to Earth’s atmosphere. Tesla Motors is the electric auto maker paving the route to this greener universe. Background Tesla Motors is a United States auto fabricating company based in Palo Alto California. The company was founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in July 2003. The historic electrical applied scientist and physicist. Nikoka Tesla. is the beginning of Tesla Motors’ company name and is really fitting. The jumping current motor used in the Tesla Roadster is really derived from Nikola Tesla’s original 1882 design. Tesla Motors is a publicly traded company that produces to the full electronic vehicles. Tesla Motors began to set itself on the map when it produced the Tesla Roadster – the first to the full electric athleticss auto. Following the Tesla Roadster was a to the full electric luxury saloon called the Model S. The Tesla Roadster was a immense success for the company. It was an all-electric athleticss auto capable of going more than 200 stat mis on a individual charge. It was highly advanced and the first to the full electronic car to utilize lithium-ion battery cells. The Roadster was featured on the screen of Time Magazine and received their â€Å"Best Inventions 2006 – Transportation Invention† award. The first one hundred Tesla Roadsters sold out in less than three hebdomads. The Model S is the current criterion Tesla vehicle in production today. The auto was foremost announced in 2008 and hit the US retail market in June 2012. The Model S with its highest battery option could make distances every bit far as 265 stat mis in a individual charge. This auto has been Tesla Motor’s highest accomplishment yet being the receiver of several awards including â€Å"Car of the Year† for both Motor Trend and World Green Car magazines in 2013 and besides Time Magazine’s â€Å"Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012† award. Tesla Motors has programs to get down production on its newest auto. the Model X. get downing in 2014. Ratio Analysis Liquid Investors or creditors use liquidness ratios to assist them find if a company is a safe investing or how likely they are to refund a debt. Liquidity is a step of a company’s ability when it comes to refunding go oning debts as they come due. For most liquidity ratios. analysts are looking for high Numberss ; the higher the value the better that company is at refunding short-run debts. The liquidness ratios I will lucubrate on for Tesla Motors will be the current ratio. working capital. hard currency flow from runing activities to current liabilities. stock list turnover rate. and the yearss to sell the mean stock list. The current ratio straight relates the company’s current assets against its current liabilities. A good current ratio will be over 1. For illustration if the current ratio were 2. 0 this would intend that the company’s current assets are twice every bit big as its current liabilities. For Tesla Motors the current ratio beads significantly over the old ages. It starts at 2. 76 in 2010. so drops to 1. 95 in 2011. and eventually reaches 0. 97 in 2012. As you can see the current ratio in 2012 is below one. The current ratio of 0. 97 agencies that as of December 2012. Tesla Motors has more current liabilities than current assets. The on the job capital besides has a direct relationship with the company’s current assets and current liabilities. The on the job capital should be positive in order to be considered good. To find the on the job capital the current liabilities are subtracted from the current assets. As in the current ratio illustration the same form will demo in the on the job capital. It will worsen from 2010 to 2011 and so will go negative in 2012. This form shows a diminution in Tesla Motors ability to utilize current resources to refund its debts. The ability for a company to pay presently maturating debts from periodic operations is determined by the hard currency flow from operations to current liabilities. To cipher this ratio you divide the hard currency flows from runing activities over the current liabilities. A good scenario would be to hold a higher numerator ( more hard currency flow from runing activities ) than the denominator ( current liabilities ) . This would bespeak that the company could easy cover its current liabilities with its operating hard currency flow. Tesla Motors nevertheless does non hold a higher numerator. In fact its operating activities hard currency flow shows a negative value for all three old ages – though one thing to see is that th e value has become less negative as the twelvemonth 2012 approached. Both the stock list turnover rate and the yearss to sell the mean stock list can state investors how rapidly stock list will sell on norm. A high stock list turnover rate will bespeak that a company is making good in footings of selling its merchandises and will non hold extra stock list. The yearss to sell the mean stock list will demo. on norm. how many yearss it will take to sell stock list after production. Tesla Motors fluctuates up and down within the old ages but finally settles at an stock list turnover rate of 2. 41 and 167. 80 yearss to sell the mean stock list. The stock list turnover rate of 2. 41 may look good but when compared to the industry norm Tesla Motors is missing. Profitableness Investors use profitability ratios to reason how much return they can do on the company in inquiry. These ratios show how good a company is making based on how much net income they can bring forth. The profitableness ratios will be a good contemplation of a company’s overall public presentation in footings of efficiency and net incomes. The ratios used in measuring Tesla Motors profitableness are the gross net income rate. return on equity. net income as a per centum of gross revenues. return on assets. and runing disbursal ratio. The gross net income rate is a simple step of how profitable a company’s merchandises are. It is calculated by spliting the gross net income by the net gross revenues. A good figure for the gross net income rate would be a high positive figure. Again Tesla Motors shows lessenings as the gross net income rate falls from 26 % in 2010 to merely 7 % in 2012. To find if the company does good utilizing investors’ capital an analyst would mention to the return on equity. You would about ever want to see a positive figure here if you were to put your money into a company. In this instance. Tesla Motors’ return on equity ratio becomes steadily more negative stoping up at -2. 27. The net income as a per centum of net gross revenues should be a big positive figure to demo that a company is making good. Some companies show net loss instead than net income. In this instance the company is non making good and the ratio will reflect that as a negative per centum. For Tesla Motors the per centum is -96 % . This figure has become less negative than it had been in 2010 but is still non a good figure. The return on assets ratio is a manner to mensurate the productiveness of assets. without respect to how the assets are being financed. Since Tesla Motors has a negative operating income for all three old ages we know that the return on assets for those old ages will be negative since the ratio is calculated by spliting the operating income over the mean entire assets. A good index of a company’s ability to pull off their disbursals is the operating disbursal ratio. For this ratio a lower consequence is optimum because that would intend that the operating disbursals are low compared to the net gross revenues. The tendency for Tesla Motors indicates that the operating disbursal ratio is worsening from 2010 to 2012 which would in itself be a good thing if the ratio wasn’t already so high. In fact the operating disbursals are higher than the net gross revenues for all three old ages. Solvency Analysts looking for a good measuring of how likely it is that a company will continually be run intoing its debts and recognition duties will turn to solvency ratios to happen replies. High solvency ratios will normally bespeak that a company has a better likeliness to refund its debts while lower solvency ratios will be deemed high hazard are less likely to be unable to refund debts. The ratios I will research for solvency are the debt ratio. involvement coverage ratio. and the tendency in net hard currency provided by operating activities. The debt ratio is calculated merely by spliting the company’s entire liabilities over its entire assets – therefore the consequence is the liabilities as a per centum of assets. This is utile for gauging long-run liquidness of a company. In this instance lower per centums indicate a safer investing. Investors would wish to see that a company’s debt is a little fraction of its resources. Unfortunately Tesla Motors’ debt ratio increases over the old ages until it reaches a debt ratio of 0. 89. This means that their entire liabilities are 89 % of their entire assets. A company’s involvement coverage ratio is a on a regular basis used ratio used to find creditors’ safety. It reflects the ratio of runing income that is available for the payment of involvement to the one-year involvement disbursal. It is widely agreed that an involvement coverage ratio above 2. 0 is considered strong. In the instance of Tesla Motors the involvement coverage ratios are wildly negative – although they have improved from 2011 to 2012. The tendency in net hard currency provided by runing activities dictates an entities ability to bring forth the hard currency needed in order to refund its debts and duties. Tesla Motors’ trends in net hard currency provided by operating activities are negative which is non good. It shows a deficiency in the ability to bring f orth hard currency for duties and does non look safe. GM Comparison General Motors is an constituted auto maker and a rival of Tesla Motors. The companies differ in merchandise offering in that GM produces standard vehicles while Tesla produces electrical vehicles. General Motors is a big and good known maker and represents a good part of the industry. Most analysts would state you that as of 2012 General Motors has been in a better fiscal place than Tesla Motors. That seems to be true every bit far as the Numberss reflect. For illustration I mentioned earlier that Tesla Motors’ current ratio was 0. 97 significance that as of December 2012. Tesla Motors has more current liabilities than current assets. The current ratio for GM peers out to be 1. 30. This means that General Motors has more current assets than current liabilities. Again Tesla Motors’ stock list turnover rate and yearss to sell the mean stock list are 2. 41 and 151. 73 severally for 2012. General Motors has much better Numberss with an stock list turnover rate of 9. 77 and 37. 35 yearss to sell mean stock list for the same twelvemonth. One interesting comparing between Tesla Motors and GM is the gross net income rate. As it turns out the Gross Net income rate is equal between the two companies for 2012 at 7 % . This similarity shows that both companies have about the same ability to pay their operating expense. It is pretty clear that GM has Tesla round in most countries right now. There are so many negative values in the Tesla computations that I had to treble look into my work to do certain I wasn’t doing errors in the computations. One of the most of import things to observe is that Tesla has been runing at a loss for each twelvemonth while GM has systematically posted income. Decision Based wholly on the analysis provided in this paper I would non happen Tesla Motors to be a worthwhile investing. The ratios and computations of liquidness. profitableness. and solvency do non reflect good consequences. Even consequences that are slightly ‘ok’ are missing when compared to rivals within the industry. Interestingly the twelvemonth 2013 looks to hold been a great twelvemonth for Tesla Motors. The March 31 2013 quarterly income statement is the first to demo net incomes in old ages. The Tesla Motors stock monetary value has skyrocketed from near $ 30 per portion at the terminal of 2013 to near $ 200 a portion current twenty-four hours. I think Tesla Motors continual operating losingss and negative ratios can be attributed to research and development among other startup costs. Tesla Motors has increased in celebrity and popularity all over the universe and I would non be surprised if they did non have a big sector of the car industry in the hereafter. With this cognition I may hold to reconsider whether I would put in Tesla or non. One thing is for certain ; electric vehicles are the hereafter of autos and Tesla Motors is paving the manner. Mentions 1. Financial A ; Managerial Accounting 16th Edition – Williams et Al. 2. Yahoo Finance: Tesla Motors. Inc. ( TSLA ) – World Wide Web. finance. yokel. com 3. Tesla Motors Website – World Wide Web. teslamotors. com

Free Essays on Interdisciplinary Virtual Team Project

Table of contents Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusion Introduction We realize the purpose of the project is to apply concepts from class including the experience in gathering data scientifically, analyzing data to form a conclusion, and presenting data in a professional manner. We have teamed up to pick a process that has variables and take readings and observations of the process in a scientific manner. Our process is how long it takes a person to assemble a flashlight. Our reason for choosing this process is it gives students a chance to apply the concepts learned in the classroom. We tested a total number of fifteen students in this experiment. In this project we have divided the experiment up into two different divisions: the engineering, and the business division. The engineering division has defined the process capability (Cp & Cpk) and details the methodology that should be undertaken to improve the process (reduce the variability).The Business division has defined the frequency of the process and Define exponential distribution. Then coming together as a team we completed the project. Methods Our Study included fifteen students. We tested the students on how long it would take to put a flashlight (that was taken apart) together. The experiment involved four parts: the body or base which is about 9 inches, then we have the plastic washer that goes around the base of the flashlight. The next feature of the flashlight is the lens cover, which contains the lens, light bulb and the conductor, and then the part that makes the flashlight come to life the batteries. The Procedure was to pick up the base with your left hand and proceed to assemble the flashlight with your right hand. The experiment begins when the student picks up the base. The order of the assembly was to hold the base with your... Free Essays on Interdisciplinary Virtual Team Project Free Essays on Interdisciplinary Virtual Team Project Table of contents Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusion Introduction We realize the purpose of the project is to apply concepts from class including the experience in gathering data scientifically, analyzing data to form a conclusion, and presenting data in a professional manner. We have teamed up to pick a process that has variables and take readings and observations of the process in a scientific manner. Our process is how long it takes a person to assemble a flashlight. Our reason for choosing this process is it gives students a chance to apply the concepts learned in the classroom. We tested a total number of fifteen students in this experiment. In this project we have divided the experiment up into two different divisions: the engineering, and the business division. The engineering division has defined the process capability (Cp & Cpk) and details the methodology that should be undertaken to improve the process (reduce the variability).The Business division has defined the frequency of the process and Define exponential distribution. Then coming together as a team we completed the project. Methods Our Study included fifteen students. We tested the students on how long it would take to put a flashlight (that was taken apart) together. The experiment involved four parts: the body or base which is about 9 inches, then we have the plastic washer that goes around the base of the flashlight. The next feature of the flashlight is the lens cover, which contains the lens, light bulb and the conductor, and then the part that makes the flashlight come to life the batteries. The Procedure was to pick up the base with your left hand and proceed to assemble the flashlight with your right hand. The experiment begins when the student picks up the base. The order of the assembly was to hold the base with your...

Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay Example for Free (#1973)

Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay The Arab-Israeli War was an armed conflict initiated by the Arab nations of Egypt and Syria against Israel on October 6, 1973 in an effort to reclaim territories that Israel had controlled since the Six Day War of 1967. The date holds special significance to the Jewish calendar, being Yom Kippur, hence this war is also known as the Yom Kippur War. Though Israel was caught by surprise and experienced severe losses during the war, assistance from the United States military led to a cease-fire less than three weeks later. In the aftermath, Israel retained its territories and its aftermath had far ranging effects on the geopolitics of the Middle East. First, the victory of Israel had an uplifting effect on its population. Its military had been seen to have grown largely complacent following the Six Day War. However, despite initial defeats, they managed a successful turnaround of the Yom Kippur War’s outcome. As such, despite the surprise advantage of Egypt and Syria they had regained the upper hand in less than two weeks, though at a high cost in casualties. In effect, Israel woke up to the reality that their military supremacy in the region was not absolute. (Rabinovich 498) Second, by granting support to Israel, the United States invited the ire of oil-producing Arab states. This manifested itself in the actions of Saudi Arabia, which not only reduced its oil production but declared an embargo against the United States. Saudi Arabia was later joined by other oil-producing Arab states and together they extended their embargo against other import dependent nations in Western Europe as well as Japan. The result was the 1973 energy crisis that sent oil prices spiraling past $60 per barrel and close to $100 per barrel in 1979. (Smith 329) Third, on the geopolitical front, enemy states of Israel concluded in the aftermath that they could not defeat it by force, and thus turned towards diplomatic tactics in antagonizing it. The effect was that many African and Third World nations, under pressure from the Arab states, broke their diplomatic ties to Israel. Works Cited No author. â€Å"The 1973 Yom Kippur War. † Anti-Defamation League, 1999. Retrieved September 24, 2008 from: http://www. adl. org/ISRAEL/record/yomkippur. asp Smith, Charles. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York, NY: Bedford, 2006. Rabinovich, Abraham. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle eAst. New York, NY: Shocken Books, 2005. Rabinovich, Abraham [2005]. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 0 8052 4176 0. Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, New York: Bedford, 2006, p. 329. Arab-Israeli War of 1973. (2016, Aug 16).

Environmental Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Environmental Economics - Essay Example To a great extent, this has impacted on the quality of life of the population. The market economy has various implications on the general wellbeing of the environment. Relative effects are both negative and positive. Although negative effects are apparent in the short run, positive effects are more pronounced. It is against this background that this paper reviews the impacts of the market economy on environmental protection. To enhance a harmonic view, it begins by reviewing the negative effects and then proceeds to evaluating the positive effects. The market decisions place emphasis on increased production. According to Morgen, Pizer and Shih (1998), increased economic production implies an increase in production of wastes. This contributes to environmental pollution and resource depletion. Although incomes are likely to rise, environmental protection remains at risk. Under-valuation of natural resources has made it difficult for the environmental damages to be addressed effectively . The profits that firms and producers enjoy are not reflective of the environmental damages that production processes impose on the environment. In this consideration, market decisions compromise the wellbeing of the environment. In his research, Kolstad (2010) indicates that the market economy has had significant negative effects on the holistic wellbeing of the environment. ... Ideally, the environmental and naturally resources are considered public property (Harrington, Morgenstern & Nelson, 1999). For this reason, nobody takes responsibility for the negative effects that they suffer. It is contented that waste of important natural resources and resultant environmental destruction dis-economises the society. From an economic point of view, this undesirable status has the ability to reduce the marginal cost of economic firms and instead increase the consumer’s marginal utility. Thus market economy does not have the ability to address the various concerns that are related to resource sustainability. While the environment places emphasis on the need for resources to benefit future generations, market economy considers the benefits of the environment to present populations only. In this respect, market decisions greatly harm environmental wellbeing and undermine its protection. Besides the preceding negative effects, market decisions also promote enviro nmental protection in different ways. Notably, the government has a stake in market decision making. Relative environmental departments push for formulation and implementation of environmental regulation. Its provisions require that individuals and firms who engage in environmental pollution and destruction be punished accordingly. Stringent laws can culminate in investment in environment protection by economic firms. In addition, respective firms assume environmentally sound practices in order to prevent the economic losses that are associated with violation of environmental protection laws (Lomborg, 2001). Seemingly, decision making under the market economy is done by the government in collaboration with

Two short answer comments to a posting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two short answer comments to a posting - Essay Example There is almost this tendency to actually want Korea to remain reclusive. A reservation that their silence, coupled with high hopes that they will not cause harm, is a better situation for the whole of the world. These inconsistencies may be perceived as nothing less than provocation and quite considerable, in parallel to the comment which delves in overanalyzing a hypothetical that leads to rhetoric. Nothing is really accomplished. It is nothing more than redundant exercise of foreseeable prospective. The recent development of a probable change in leadership serves as a trigger to renewed talks on what could happen. As Andrei Lankov was quoted saying â€Å"He will be a dictator, but merely a rubber-stamping dictator. This is what the people in the positions of power want† (McDonald 2010). If this were to happen, then nothing really changes and U.S., China and all other countries may just again fall to its habit of waiting, as it had done up to this point. 2. The second commen t is, in a manner of speaking, the other side of the coin. It recognizes what North Korea has been irked about for a long time, that the United States does not take it seriously. A recognition even Iran had been given.

Technical writing proposal on Senior Healthcare Facility Research Paper

Technical writing proposal on Senior Healthcare Facility - Research Paper Example l is to find ways on how to protect faces of the health workers and the effectiveness of the facial protective equipment and procedures for control that can be used. This will include reviewing of the literature of environmental, organizational, and individual factors that improves on the effectiveness of health workers. It will also include identification of the framework that will carry on the final research. The major goal of this proposal is to identify Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and nosocomial; infections of the respiratory tract in relation to the safety of workers and specific areas where further research should focus on. The target audience of this research proposal is the healthcare workers. The significance of this study is to make workers more effective at their workplaces if they are provided with facial preventive measures. The current events in relation to SARS in healthcare workers of Canada have attracted much attention on how to prevent this epidemic. Facial protection involved the use of a mask and protective eyewear. Following the outbreaks, there is need to ensure that the healthcare workers are protected to prevent future outbreaks and not only in severe acute respiratory syndrome but also other respiratory infections. Following these observations there is needed to carry out a review on facial protection that would deal with healthcare workers concerns. This influenced me to write a proposal on SARS. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a disease that is spread through respiratory droplets. According to research carried out, SARS is less contagious compared to other respiratory infections. It is important to note that persistent use of infection control measures reduces occurrence of such outbreaks in China, Vietnam, and Singapore. Much attention focused on why the implementation of appropriate precautions failed and the need to promote these precautions in future. It is also evident that sneezing and coughing do not generate highly

HFSD Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HFSD Coursework - Essay Example Our consultancy services include an exhaustive evaluation of the existing website of Domestic Appliance Services to identify any limitations which exist. Additionally, recommendations would also be made on improvements and steps would be taken to restructure the website in such a manner that it would be able to attract more custom. The consultancy services involve charges of $650 per day. The process of assessment of the website and preparing a written report, followed by implementation of restructuring plans for the website would involve a period of about five days, which amounts to a total investment expense of  £3250. This would be a one time expense rather than a recurring one and when offset against the losses that are happening on a daily basis through lost business, it could prove to be an investment that would be recovered within a day or so. The cost of an individual appliance is itself in about that range. For every sale that is lost, there is a potential loss of several thousands of dollars. Therefore, when the website is restructured in such a manner that it is able to harvest as many sales as possible through effective promotion and interactive links that pick up and follow through on customer enquiries and interest, it would result in improvements in revenue for Domestic Appliance Services that would surpass the investment of  £3250 that the Company would need to make. On this basis, Domestic Appliance Services might like to consider hiring the services of the Consultancy to undertake a detailed examination of the existing website in order to identify any existing limitations and restructure the website. An initial assessment is offered on the basis of the following aspects (a) navigation (b) attractiveness of design (c) ease of use (d) attractiveness of interface. In terms of navigation, the site has some problems. For

Reflective paper Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective paper - Personal Statement Example Being in a hurry to get home, the thought to get down and check the stricken car did not even cross my mind and without notifying the owner of the other car I drove away. It was not in my knowledge that the damage to the other vehicle was of such intensity; in fact, at that point in time the idea of any significant damage had not entered my mind. Maybe there might have been a â€Å"thud† however, to my mind then the sound must have been inaudible. The stress under which I had been driving proved to be my distraction and clouded my better judgment. The pre-occupancy of schoolwork, deadlines, examinations, distressing my teachers and the anger of my awaiting parents at home all swirled within my head, tugging for my attention and consequently caused my head to spin. This stress then coupled with a headache is my only excuse to having overlooked the right way of handling the situation. I must admit here that somewhere in the back of my mind the thought of this incident did linger ; yet I tried to push it further back to dismiss it. The more I tried the more it came back to me and the more it began to feel real. I began to realize the possibility of actually having struck the car behind me and the thought disturbed me. I contemplated of the idea a few times but always winded up assuring myself that no such thing had happened. Guilt would spread over me at the mere thought of my suspicion being true. I said to myself, and then my discourse following the incident should have been otherwise. It was not easy wrenching away the guilt that crept over me but I could not muster the courage to own up to my mistake. Would anyone believe my innocence after I had driven off or would I even be heard at all in my plea for innocence? These questions haunted me and frightened me out of doing the honorable act of making things right. Having never been in such a situation, I began to wonder if I had hurt anybody, directly or indirectly. Had

Adolf Hitler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adolf Hitler - Essay Example People always refer to him as having been cruel and full of greed for power. Hitler promoted anticommunism and anti-Semitism with the Nazi propaganda and charismatic oratory. He became a full grown dictator between 1934 and 1934. He contributed to the death of about 11 million people with six million of them having been the Jews. He later committed suicide in 1945 together with his wife (Langer n.d.). From Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective, Hitler’s personality molded when he was a child. Fred’s notion is that the personality shapes up during childhood. A healthy personality develops upon completion of the psychosexual stages. Some people do not complete all the stages as required leading to fixation. Hitler had rough times when he was a kid. He lost his brother eventually changing him from a happy child to a morose and sullen boy. He preferred his mother than the father. Freud suggests that Hitler may have experienced the Oedipus complex back at his childhood. It is likely that he developed jealousy to his father and sexual attraction to his loving mother. The main reason for his behavior could have been his unwillingness to follow his father’s will and revolt all his ideas. There could have been the father-son competition. Although he had a wife and many girlfriends, Hitler’s sexual orientation remains undisclosed. He could have been a homose xual while others insisted of him being a heterosexual. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic approach, compulsions and obsessions show maladaptive responses to unsolved conflicts during the early stages of development. Hitler developed the insecurity feeling from his childhood. His unstable thoughts and feelings brought the feelings of fear and anxiousness. His racial hygiene approaches reveal his compulsions and obsessions to killing and torturing others (Langer n.d.). Another psychoanalytic theory from Alfred Adler suggests that people with a feeling

Reflective paper Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective paper - Personal Statement Example Being in a hurry to get home, the thought to get down and check the stricken car did not even cross my mind and without notifying the owner of the other car I drove away. It was not in my knowledge that the damage to the other vehicle was of such intensity; in fact, at that point in time the idea of any significant damage had not entered my mind. Maybe there might have been a â€Å"thud† however, to my mind then the sound must have been inaudible. The stress under which I had been driving proved to be my distraction and clouded my better judgment. The pre-occupancy of schoolwork, deadlines, examinations, distressing my teachers and the anger of my awaiting parents at home all swirled within my head, tugging for my attention and consequently caused my head to spin. This stress then coupled with a headache is my only excuse to having overlooked the right way of handling the situation. I must admit here that somewhere in the back of my mind the thought of this incident did linger ; yet I tried to push it further back to dismiss it. The more I tried the more it came back to me and the more it began to feel real. I began to realize the possibility of actually having struck the car behind me and the thought disturbed me. I contemplated of the idea a few times but always winded up assuring myself that no such thing had happened. Guilt would spread over me at the mere thought of my suspicion being true. I said to myself, and then my discourse following the incident should have been otherwise. It was not easy wrenching away the guilt that crept over me but I could not muster the courage to own up to my mistake. Would anyone believe my innocence after I had driven off or would I even be heard at all in my plea for innocence? These questions haunted me and frightened me out of doing the honorable act of making things right. Having never been in such a situation, I began to wonder if I had hurt anybody, directly or indirectly. Had

Espresso Essay Example for Free

Espresso Essay Coffee had been a part of the life of many people. From pure coffee to coffee blends, it has reached its way to the hearts of coffee lovers. According to the article of the International Coffee Organization entitled â€Å"The Coffee Story†, coffee begins with a goatherd named Kaldi. However, according to recent studies coffee was born on the plateaus of Central Ethiopia and brought for development to Yemen. In Cairo and Mecca, the beginning of coffee houses was first established. Since then, coffee became fervor rather than just refreshment. Many coffee brewing methods are developed to enjoy the real magic taste of coffee. These methods are: the use of percolator, auto-drip, French press, Moka Italian stove top and espresso. Among these methods, the espresso is the most popular and widely used method by many of the coffee brewers and coffee houses in the world. Espresso or cafe espresso is a variation of product of coffee. The term â€Å"espresso† came from the word â€Å"for express† which means that it is immediately served or made for customers. It is a concentrated coffee beverage that is brewed under very hot water using a coffee that is between tremendously fine and powder. In the early 20th century, it is developed in Milan, Italy which uses steam pressure up until the 1940’s. Spring piston lever machine is one of the inventions that made espresso a better one. According to â€Å"Espresso Coffee† of the Coffee Research Organization, espresso can attain its true and perfect taste through the perfect combination of four factors: the correct grinding of a coffee blend (Macinazione), the coffee blend or Miscela, the espresso machine (Macchina), and the skilled hand of the barista (Mano). With the proper combination of these factors, the best espresso may attain which is described as extraordinarily sweet with the real aroma of fresh ground coffee. A good coffee blend is one of the main priorities of various espresso makers to attain its perfect taste. The difference of espresso to other brewing process is the formation of the crema. Crema is the layer of bubbles that trap the aromatic compounds produced over brewing. To enjoy the aromatic taste of coffee it is essential to have an outstanding preparation of espresso blend. Many countries all over the world contribute to the perfect combination of espresso. Among those countries are Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru and Panama. Coffees from these countries are used as base of coffees that gives the espresso its undeniably taste of sweetness. Certain countries like Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopian Harrar, and Zimbabwe also contributes to the variation of taste to add acidity, flavor, complexity and brightness. To add richness and body when blending, coffees from places of Asia like Java, Sumatra and New Guinea are considered. Roasting of coffee is definitely an important part of creating a well-tasted espresso. In this chemical process, the aroma, acids and other flavor components is being changed to enhance the acidity, flavor and aftertaste of the coffee. Minimizing the bitter taste and acidity of the coffee is the focus of many coffee-based manufacturing factories today. They replaced the sweetness lost in the process of roasting by alternatives like add up of milk or other flavors that will make an espresso based drink more delectable. This is the reason why espresso based drink is more popular that straight or solely espresso. Also in this process, it is important to observe the sweetness by minimizing the carmelization of sucrose but not overlooking the roasting which degrade the bitter taste of the coffee. A good espresso grinding can be attained through the use of an espresso burr grinder and to grind it per order. Conical burr grinder is the most advantageous burr coffee grinder that is widely-used due to its product. It produces an increase in the surface area of each particle and augments the richness of the flavor. In coffee grinding it is important to tamp or fill the espresso as fast as possible. Allotted time of activation of 15-20 seconds of the coffee grinder is required to maintain the freshly ground coffee to be used. An extraction time of 23-28 seconds is most possible to produce a ground size of a standard espresso coffee. In addition, humidity also takes part on the extraction time. The presence of moisture from the air can lengthen the extraction time. In espresso preparation, espresso tamping is frequently ignored. It is a process where a pellet of coffee is formed through the use espresso tamper and penetration of hot water uniformly. Proper espresso tamping is an important key to attain a great espresso. But aside from this, the use of a correct espresso tamper is an evident one. The correct espresso tamper should be made of aluminum or any equivalent light metal that have a diameter that will tightly fit the basket. Among the stores that have the proper product of espresso tampers is Vivace’s. They also put on the market different sizes of pistons. Recently, Vivace’s suggested the use a round bottom coffee tamper rather than the conventional traditional coffee tamping machines. The stability of temperature of the water inside the espresso machine is a relevant factor in attaining a good espresso coffee. Today, almost all of the commercial espresso machines have a proper temperature stability set-up. Use of an espresso with a large boiler tanks for brewing and steaming is an answer to the temperature stability area. However, many espresso makers believe temperature stabilizing can be practiced. Temperature stabilizing means that water inside the espresso machine is maintained at a constant temperature. Overheated water or too much water inside the boiler is the point of adjustment an espresso tamping machine should gauge. Regular running water is the key to maintain the proper temperature stability. With this temperature stability, excellent product of brew of an espresso could be achieved. Crema’s intensification in an espresso is brought about by the water pressure which is between 9 and 10 atm. Boiler pressure gauge on the other hand is the one responsible for checking the amount of water that should be integrated to the steam. Without the presence of this espresso pressure gauge, it will be impossible to attain the aromatic and well sweetness of crema. Aside from this pressure gauge, other parts of the espresso machine play a vital role in forming a well taste coffee espresso. These parts are the portafilter, steam wand, keypad, tray, and sight glass. The portafilter which is made up of metal is the overall assembly of the spouts, handle and basket. The responsible for the ejection of milk froth lies on the capacity of the steam wand. The water content that is forced through the steam is observed in the boiler sight glass. Maintaining the cleanliness of the coffee machine is a great task any espresso maker is emphasizing but is forgetting in the process of making. It is equivalently important as the other factors in espresso making like blending and grinding. Assuring that the machine is well cleaned will probably increase the quantity of espresso based drinks customers. This will also make the machine more efficient in terms of product proficiency. Moreover, the burr blades of the espresso grinder should be regularly cleaned. Yearly replacement of the burrs must be observed to assured the quality of the coffee granules that will be produced. Another factor to be considered in serving an espresso is its espresso cup. It must be pre-heated using other source aside from the espresso machine itself. If the cup is not pre-heated then the temperature of the water will be lowered thus uneven extraction of espresso might takes place. A magic hand of the barista and the passionate love in making espresso are the ones that make a good espresso coffee. The barista is the one that operates with the espresso coffee machine. It is considered as the most fundamental factor in espresso coffee making. A good barista should possess both passion and logical scientific character. If the barista loves doing the work or the job then he will probably make sure that he makes one of the best espresso coffees. In Italy and other parts of Europe, barista is considered as a profession. It is often associated with the skills and knowledge that were passed through ages. In contrast with what is the tradition in European countries, American based barista is just an employment for young people and not really a career position. The proper stiffness of the grind, exact roasting to attain the extraordinary sweetness, correct water temperature and pressure, appropriate tamping and favorable environmental factors like humidity are perfect combination of a good espresso coffee. If the barista recognized and possess all of these then a well-done espresso will be attain. With all the proper blending, roasting, grinding, quantifying and tamping the coffee, it will be more effectively extracted to attain a great espresso. Nonetheless, espresso making thus not end there. The barista is still the core of making a good and well-done espresso coffee. It is up to the barista to have a good combination of the ingredients and proper methods. However, there is still no perfect espresso. A well-done espresso making is a passion and not just a work to be able to earn money. It is for the love of coffee that man will experience to taste the perfect espresso.

ICT in the classroom to enhance teaching

ICT in the classroom to enhance teaching Trying to engage students in the classroom each day can be an increasing challenge but there are many ways to make the activities in the classroom worthwhile for learners and to make what they learn, matter. Learners love a challenge and giving their work meaning will motivate them to want more of it because it allows them to be the central point in the learning process. ICT can both improve and enhance both learning and teaching in an ESOL class and technology is not only a tool for use in the classroom, but is also a resource for accessing information that further enables learning to take place. New ways to integrate technology into the learning process are being created daily. In this commentary I will provide an evaluative overview on the use and effectiveness of using YouTube the video-sharing website as a teaching material to assist my learners with two of the key skills, listening and speaking. The Learners The Level 1 ESOL students are from Slovakia, India, Iraq, Somalia, Sudan and Poland. They have all completed City Guilds Level 1 Speaking and Listening Assessments and the Literacy On-line test at the end of the last semester. All the students have access to computers in the college and use Moodle in lessons on a regular basis. As a group they have expressed that they want more practice in listening and speaking English inauthentic situations to prepare for the real world and so the last few session have been focused on Work and Jobs leading to Interviews. Students have shared that when they are listening to another person speaking a foreign language, (for them, English) they try to translate it into their native language. Comprehension is more difficult when reduced forms, and the level used, and colloquial language is used. Learners need more exposure to them and an awareness of a speakers corrections and rephrasing use, ( ..ermà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I meanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ er..) to expand comprehensibility Scaffolding In the previous sessions I used strategies to assist learning when they were first introduced to the subject of jobs. This is to give them motivation, a context and a starting point from which they can understand new information introduced in the coming lessons. Using Scaffolding techniques can be important for all learners and not just ESOL learners or those with learning difficulties. The aim is that learners will, at the end, demonstrate comprehension independently. Some strategies used include: Activating prior knowledge on jobs, job adverts, CVs etc. (this is a top-down processing referring to utilising learners schemata. breaking tasks into easier, more manageable steps to facilitate learner achievement showing students an example of the eventual outcome facilitating student engagement and participation teaching key vocabulary terms, relating to the genre of Jobs, before reading asking questions while reading to encourage deeper investigation of concepts modelling an activity for the students before they are asked to complete the same or similar activity asking students to contribute their own experiences that relate to the subject at hand According to McKenzie (1999), the defining features of successful scaffolding include clear direction, purpose, and expectation. Results include on-task activity; better student direction; reduced uncertainty, surprise, and disappointment; increased efficiency; and palpable momentum. Scaffolding instruction is also intrinsic in Lev Vygotskys (1978) idea of the Zone of Proximal Development. The main point is to support learners to have communicative competence, the ability for language learners to use socially, contextually and culturally appropriate language in communicative contexts. Content Content that is familiar is easier to comprehend than content with unfamiliar vocabulary or for which the listener has insufficient background knowledge off. Mock interviews is a noticing exercise: paying attention to grammar as it occurs in different contexts and structures in listening material, language practice activities and spoken interactions. This is good differentiation when a one learner point out a point to another. Videos and other visual support can increase learners comprehension as long as the learner is able to interpret it correctly. They can observe facial expressions, gestures; body language and pictures tell their own story. Using the interactive Smartboard has made the whiteboard come alive and one of the latest, convenient and versatile ICT tool in use in the classroom is YouTube where you can share videos of every kind. Although you have to be aware that many education institutes have blocked YouTube due to the inappropriateness of some of the content. The students took part in mock interviews where learners videoed pairs, then watched later to discuss what went well and what did not and gave each other feedback. This is a bottom-up process where learners start with basic language and build to some complex structures. Intonation, stress and rhythm play a part in this process as well and it was important that I gave all the students opportunities to practice statements and questions using declarative forms and with rising intonation with questions. I tried to obtain dvds of real interview but had no success so turned to YouTube where I researched many clips and used ones that I felt were suitable for this group of learners. The clips from YouTube were shown at the end and finishing with a funny clip to lighten the end of the session. Some of the clips feature ESOL students in mock interviews and some were native speakers in real-life situations that give the learners a realistic foreign language experience. Conclusion There are many videos on YouTube that could potentially be used in an ESOL educational class. There are video clips from televisions program, experts discussing a specific topic, or just some home movie clips up loaded by individuals, of a place you are teaching about or may be thinking about visiting. It comprises of user-uploaded content and can mean that a lot of it is unreliable, unbiased or inappropriate for cultural and classroom use. When looking for specific themes a tutor could spend hours searching on the site but can still be a laudable learning and teaching aid. The company is based in San Bruno, California, and uses Adobe Flash Video and HTML5 [4] technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video content, including movie clips, TV clips, and music videos, as well as amateur content such as video blogging and short original videos. Most of the content on YouTube has been uploaded by individuals, although media corporations including CBS, BBC, Vevo, Hulu and other organizations offer some of their material via the site, as part of the YouTube partnership program.[5] Unregistered users may watch videos, and registered users may upload an unlimited number of videos Component The aims of this study reported in this article are to investigate factors affecting English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers use of computers in their classrooms and to find out EFL teachers perceptions of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and ways to improve CALL practice in school settings. Participants in the study were twelve Korean in-service teachers of EFL working at secondary schools in Korea. A questionnaire and follow-up in-depth interviews were employed to collect data. The results of the study indicate that the teachers have positive and favourable attitudes toward the use of the computers. They consider computer technology as a useful teaching tool that can enhance ways of teaching by offering students a variety of language inputs and expanding students learning experiences in real and authentic contexts. It is also reported that external factors such as lack of time, insufficient computer facilities, rigid school curricula and textbooks and lack of administrative support negatively influence the implementation of CALL in the classroom. Internal factors such as teachers limited computer skills, knowledge about computers and beliefs and perceptions of CALL also seem to significantly affect teachers decisions on the use of CALL. Based on the findings of the study, implications are made for the effective implementation of CALL in EFL contexts. Article Text In recent years, the rapid evolution of information and communication technology (ICT) has made great changes in societies and education. The Internet, particularly, has become a useful tool for communication, a venue for experiencing different cultures and a mediator in diverse political, social and economical situations. Along with the impact of the Internet worldwide, the extensive use of computers at schools has had a critical influence on educational environments. The Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development (MOE HRD) in Korea, for example, has implemented several Educational Reform Plans since 1997 to meet the challenges in an era of high-technology. At the governmental level, the Education Ministry implemented The Comprehensive Plan for Education in the Information Age aimed at building the infrastructure for education between 1997 and 2000. It included ICT equipped classrooms, computer labs and digital libraries with computers connected to the Internet to provid e schools with technology-enhanced learning environments. On the basis of the plans, the Korean government has provided every school with multimedia computers, software programs and high-speed broadband Internet connections to cope with an information technology society and to integrate ICT into everyday educational practices. In terms of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), the paradigm of English education in Korea has moved to the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach along with the Seventh Educational Reform in 1997 (Choi, 2006; Kwon, 2000). The underlying theoretical concept of CLT is communicative competence, which refers to the ability for language learners to use socially, contextually and culturally appropriate language in communicative contexts (Savignon, 1997). However, most Korean learners of EFL have difficulties to develop their communicative competence beyond the classroom mainly because they do not have a supportive learning environment where they can hear and speak English for communicative purposes (Jeong, 2006). Therefore, some special efforts are needed to help Korean students expand their language learning experiences and practice the target language outside the classroom. This need can be found in the Korean governments special emphasis on English language proficienc y and computer literacy in the spirit of globalization. English language proficiency and computer literacy are currently essential elements in the Korean society in looking for a job, obtaining promotion and entering into a school of higher education (Kwon, 2000). In these circumstances, the Internet, combined with a variety of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs, is on its way to restructuring the concept of the language classroom and the roles of the learner and the teacher in foreign language learning and teaching in Korea. The appropriate integration of Internet-connected computers into the language curriculum is a key issue to consider when examining the effective use of computer technologies for educational purposes in Korea. In many Japanese universities, language instructors are facing challenges associated with low academic achievement among students, mainly caused by reduced competition among students at universities. Teaching at one such university, the author has been seeking to cope with classes where students vary greatly in English ability, with those who have limited English skills and knowledge and/or have not developed basic learning habits or study skills. This article discusses how technology can help the teacher to accommodate different learning needs and get/keep students motivated. It is based on the recent classroom practice in one of the courses the author taught, where students were supposed to learn research and presentation methods by using English in conjunction with computers and the Internet. In addition to using Moodle, an open-source learning management system, other web tools including weblogs and online materials were integrated into learning activities. These activities helped students feel more comfortable using computers and the Internet, and encouraged them to look for better ways to express themselves. Also, the activities were utilized flexibly to accommodate students diverse abilities and interests, helping keep them actively engaged with the course. There are three strategies ESL/EFL teachers can follow to ensure that technology fits their needs. First, investigate new media to see if it is suitable for classroom use. Then identify how new media changes TESOL. Finally, set English Language Teaching objectives before selecting any tools of technology. Itesl (2008) engaging and motivating all learners supporting the development of problem-solving and thinking skills in an open-ended environment helping learners to make meaningful links between subjects and enabling teachers to use ICT across the curriculum encouraging children to hypothesise and discuss what might happen, aiding the development of talking and listening skills and a collaborative approach to learning suiting a range of learning styles: thereby supporting personalised learning giving children a unique means of communicating and developing their ideas. McKenzie, Jamie, (1999). Scaffolding for Success. From Now On: The Educational Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4. from http://www.fno.org/dec99/scaffold.html. Michael Morgan,The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XIV, No. 7, July 2008. http://iteslj.org/[accessed 20 April 2011] [Accessed 20 April 2011] Valdez G, http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/technlgy/te600.htm[accessed 20 April 2011] Dodge, Bernie, (December 2, 1998). Schools, Skills and Scaffolding on the Web. from http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/bdodge/scaffolding.html. [Accessed 20 April 2011] Appendix i- References Barton, D. (2007) Literacy an Introduction to the Ecology of Written Language. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford. Crystal, D. (1991) A dictionary of linguistics and phonetic., Basil Blackwell Oxford. Harmer, J. (2007) The Practice of English Language Teaching 4ed. Pearson Education Ltd: Essex. McCarthy, M. (1991)Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press. Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today -A Practical Guide 6ed Nelson Thornes: Cheltenham Richards, J (1990) The Language Teaching Matrix 7e, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The Internet TESL Journal (2005) Creating ESL/EFL Lessons Based on News and Current Events http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Banville-News/[15 April 2011]